What Is ADHD? Symptoms & Meaning

ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, it is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood.

ADHD is a developmental impairment of the brain’s executive functions.
ADHD is not a behavior disorder. ADHD is not a mental illness. Both adults and children can be diagnosed with ADHD.

People with ADHD have trouble with impulse-control, focusing, and organization.

Common ADHD symptoms include:

  • Inattention
  • Weak impulse control
  • Exaggerated emotions
  • Poor time management
  • Lack of focus
  • Hyperfocus
  • Hyperactivity
  • Executive dysfunction

ADHD symptoms vary by individual. You or your child may experience all or just some of the above symptoms.

Many patients and clinicians describe ADHD as an iceberg, where most symptoms lay hiding under the surface — out of sight but ever present.

The symptoms of ADHD can be categorized into two main types:

  1. Inattentive symptoms:
    • Difficulty paying attention to details and sustaining focus on tasks or activities.
    • Struggling to listen and follow instructions.
    • Being easily distracted or forgetful.
    • Frequently losing things and being disorganized.
    • Avoiding tasks that require mental effort or sustained mental focus.
  2. Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms:
    • Excessive physical restlessness or fidgeting.
    • Difficulty staying seated or engaging in activities quietly.
    • Excessive talking and interrupting others.
    • Impulsive behaviors, such as acting without considering consequences.
    • Difficulty waiting for turns and taking turns in conversations or games.

It’s important to note that ADHD symptoms can vary in severity and presentation among individuals. Some people may primarily exhibit symptoms of inattention, while others may primarily show hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. In some cases, individuals may exhibit a combination of both types.

The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Certain brain regions responsible for attention, impulse control, and executive functions may be affected.

Diagnosis of ADHD is typically made by healthcare professionals, such as psychiatrists or psychologists, based on a comprehensive evaluation of symptoms, medical history, and information from multiple sources (e.g., parents, teachers). Treatment for ADHD often involves a multimodal approach that may include behavioral interventions, education and support for individuals and their families, and, in some cases, medication.

With appropriate management strategies and support, individuals with ADHD can lead successful and fulfilling lives. It’s important to work with healthcare professionals to develop an individualized treatment plan that addresses specific needs and challenges associated with ADHD.